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Four season3/10/2024 ![]() ![]() This is one of the primary reasons for the Earth's seasons, as illustrated by the diagram to the right. The Earth's orbit exhibits approximate axial parallelism, maintaining its direction towards Polaris (the "North Star") year-round. Main article: Effect of sun angle on climate Axial parallelism Axial parallelism is a characteristic of the Earth (and most other orbiting bodies in space) in which the direction of the axis remains parallel to itself throughout its orbit. Some examples of historical importance are the ancient Egyptian seasons- flood, growth, and low water-which were previously defined by the former annual flooding of the Nile in Egypt. "Seasons" can also be dictated by the timing of important ecological events such as hurricane season, tornado season, and wildfire season. ![]() Some have a third cool, mild, or harmattan season. Many tropical regions have two seasons: the rainy, wet, or monsoon season and the dry season. Ecologists often use a six-season model for temperate climate regions which are not tied to any fixed calendar dates: prevernal, vernal, estival, serotinal, autumnal, and hibernal. In temperate and sub-polar regions, four seasons based on the Gregorian calendar are generally recognized: spring, summer, autumn (or fall), and winter. However, due to seasonal lag, June, July, and August are the warmest months in the Northern Hemisphere while December, January, and February are the warmest months in the Southern Hemisphere. It is Earth's axial tilt that causes the Sun to be higher in the sky during the summer months, which increases the solar flux. The same is true of the Southern Hemisphere in November, December, and January. The Northern Hemisphere experiences most direct sunlight during May, June, and July, as the hemisphere faces the Sun. Various cultures define the number and nature of seasons based on regional variations, and as such there are a number of both modern and historical cultures whose number of seasons varies. In temperate and polar regions, the seasons are marked by changes in the intensity of sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface, variations of which may cause animals to undergo hibernation or to migrate, and plants to be dormant. On Earth, seasons are the result of the axial parallelism of Earth's tilted orbit around the Sun. A season is a division of the year based on changes in weather, ecology, and the number of daylight hours in a given region. ![]()
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